This Short Report was developed by the Public Infrastructure and Social Services Community of Practice in May 2020 to address market failure examples and potentially new governance arrangements in Frankfurt/Rhein-Main, Helsinki, Mid Wales, Tukums, and Valencia. The main sections cover:

• Introducing the issues surrounding rural market failure
• Key lessons from the ROBUST project
• Relevance of public infrastructure and social services in this context for selected Living Labs
• How rural market failures are being overcome from the local/regional government perspective, as well as alternative models of service delivery